Dental caries or Tooth decay : Risk factors, and Prevention

Dental caries or Tooth decay : Risk factors, and Prevention-Dental caries can also be termed as tooth decay which is a microbial, progressive, and post-eruptive disease affecting the dental hard tissues resulting in inorganic constituent decalcification and dissolution of organic compounds. It is a dynamic process where both the demineralization and remineralization occurs simultaneously.

 

When the rate of demineralization is greater than the remineralization rate, a cavity is formed. Typically dental caries can be spotted only in two specific areas of the teeth :

Occlusal carries, which forms on the top of the tooth where the mastication of food happens. Interproximal caries, which are forms between the teeth, an area where the bacteria resides.

Stages of Tooth Decay

‘Caries process’ is the term given to continues sequence of changes at the junction of each tooth. The interface between each tooth a layer of plaque or biofilm builds up.

Demineralisation:

Cariogenic bacteria in the plaque biofilm convert sugars into harmful acids that lower the pH below the critical level (pH- 5.5) and initiate the demineralization.

Early lesion: tooth enamel is in a constant state of demineralization and remineralization. If the net time spent demineralizing is greater than that spent remineralizing, early white-spot lesions can form.

Cavitation:

Early caries starts to form as a result of the enamels long exposure to acidic pH, constantly enduring the demineralization process and losing strength and structural integrity.

Causes of Tooth Decay

• Poor oral hygiene practices
• Dental plaque
• Bleeding gums
• Poor alignment of the bite cause damage to enamel thickness
• People who get their permanent teeth earlier in life are at greater risk for cavities
• Deep tooth crevices and enamel issues
• Less thickness of enamel
• Crooked and overlapped teeth
• Improper nutrition
• Bedtime feeding
• Frequent snacking or sipping
• Not getting enough fluoride
• Sugary Foods
• Acidic foods and drinks
• Lack of saliva and dry mouth issues
• Heartburn
• Tooth grinding
• Genetics
• Age
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 Symptoms of Tooth Decay

Symptoms vary depending upon the density and their location on the teeth. Symptoms of dental caries include:

• Sensitive tooth

• Cavity or pit in your teeth’s

• Pain while biting any down any food

• Pain that causes without any apparent cause

• Black, brown or white staining on the head of the teeth

• Mild sharp pain when eating or drinking something

Complications in Tooth Decay

1. Continuous tooth pain
2. Tooth abscess become infected and trigger invasion of infection into the bloodstream cause sepsis
3. Chewing food is very much difficult
4. Increased risk of tooth chipping
5. Pus production around infected tooth
6. Gum disease (gingivitis)
7. Diagnosis and tests

Prevention of Tooth Decay

• Brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste for twice a day mainly after a meal
• Rinse your mouth with fluoride
• Visit your dentist regularly, do oral cleaning and regular oral exams, which can prevent dental problems
• Avoid frequent snacking and sipping
• Eat tooth healthy foods
• Chewing gum that contains xylitol helps to decrease bacterial growth
• Use of sealant in molar teeth’s